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近日看了南越竺小招老师主演的《汉宫怨》视频,戏中许皇后由王派演员赵时莺老师扮演。皇后临终一场,许平君有两句唱,我印象颇深:“莫道愚姐肝欲断,人生哪得月常圆”。有时候写这些文字,只是借评戏浇自己心中块垒而已。
赵老师这段唱在网络上大致有两个版本的两种唱法。全剧舞台版的“月”字,拍数增加,宛如明光朗朗,惜乎缺月挂疏桐,是比较明显的袁派运腔。还有一种则是我个人更喜欢的:内心波澜从“人生”两字即起,至“月”字采用王派最为朴素最为常见的小腔。这时的许平君自知病入膏肓,命不久矣。平稳的唱腔中尽是对亲人的不舍。“一愁娇儿失母爱”“二愁汉宫成永诀”,人生有情,为母者,不舍子,为妻者,不舍夫。泣血托孤,殷殷切切。这段唱算得感人肺腑。
提到帝王、后妃的情感,总会先想到白居易渲染的“李杨爱情”。至于史上的贤后,有唐太宗的长孙皇后,明太祖的马秀英。许平君?她既非名门之女,史籍中也不曾留有她秉“花容月貌”,会“琴棋书画”的记载。她很平凡,却和历史上唯一一个既蹲过监狱又当过平民的皇帝结为一生真情未变的伉俪,并留下了“故剑情深”“南园遗爱”的典故。
历史没有假设,我这样的俗人则禁不住要去“假设”。假设刘洵没被霍光看中,成为“汉宣帝”,那么刘、许二人将是一对民间佳偶。彼此的深情纵然难为后世所知,但就他们本身而言,起码能拥有平淡幸福的生活。当然了,历史学家们肯定会对我这种假设嗤之以鼻:怎么可以这么没格局,老惦念儿女情爱呢?大汉王朝还等着刘洵这一代明主开创“昭宣之治”,等着他将当时的西域纳入汉朝版图,等着他在位时实现“凡日月所照,皆为汉土,江河所至,皆为汉城”呢!
要说汉宣帝,先得说霍光。这位老兄是霍去病同父异母的弟弟。可与周公、伊尹齐名。只不过前两者名声不错,而对霍光的定性和评价,史学界至今存在重大争议。唯有一点可以肯定,他是武帝驾崩时的托孤大臣。为人谨慎,滴水不漏。武帝之后,正是霍光让21岁的昭帝入主未央宫,自己总揽大权。后人有诗“霍氏专权汉室凶”。平心而论,霍光虽权倾朝野,但他倒确实没有王莽之欲。昭帝死后,霍光又让“昌邑王”刘贺在帝位上实习了27天,看看实在烂泥扶不上墙,一言九鼎:废帝!
接着,流落民间的旧日王孙刘询被找了回来。他是屈死的“戾太子”刘据之孙,“巫蛊事件”时,因尚在襁褓,侥幸逃生。由于从小历经坎坷,受尽磨难,所以为人不骄不纵,忠厚仁义。当然,霍光是看中他没有背景,好操控。汉宣帝也不傻,自知是个傀儡,索性韬光养晦,剑藏于匣中,权且收着锋芒。刘洵即位后,朝中事务,但凭霍光处置。可有一件——当霍光要将自己的女儿许他当皇后时,刘洵对群臣道:“初时我在民间,失落了一把挚爱的宝剑,我需把它找回来。”
弦外有音,翻译过来:我在民间有个结发妻子,这大汉皇后的位置,我想留给我的发妻”。“糟糠之妻不下堂”是汉光武帝时的名臣宋弘在拒绝湖阳公主爱慕时说的话。其实汉宣帝的不弃糟糠远在宋弘之前。当然,这里面也有刘询的政治筹谋在。皇后之位,至关重要,倘若也落入霍家,自己在朝中更加势单力孤。霍光起初不同意,为此还假意要辞官不干。皇帝赶紧为他一通加官进爵。殊不知,从那时起,就深种下霍家被灭门的隐患。毕竟你权势再炽,也胜不过时间——汉宣帝比霍光年轻太多了!
许平君就这样被正式封为汉宣帝的正宫皇后。我们总说:人是要变的!尤其环境变了,地位变了,心思也会暗转!偏偏汉宣帝对许平君初心不改,依然如贫贱时在杜城竹篱茅舍内患难与共、相濡以沫般地恩爱。皇帝始终记得,体弱的刘病已(因为多病,刘询原名叫刘病已)是靠妻子的悉心照料,身体才慢慢转好。可他不知道的是,皇后之位是原罪,一场阴谋已在酝酿之中……
许皇后死于霍显之手。霍显是霍光从小妾转正的妻子。此女野心极大。她认定只要许后一死,女儿霍成君就可顺利上位,于是在皇后怀孕期间——那时,许皇后已生下了未来的汉元帝刘奭——指使女医淳于衍下慢性毒药。可怜许平君就这样成为了宫廷斗争的牺牲品。后人写诗歌叹息:“赢得三年国母尊,伤心被毒埋冤魂,杜南若有遗灵在,好看仇家灭满门”。
汉宣帝多年的隐忍没有白费。霍光老了,死了,饶是烈火烹油,繁花似锦,盛极之后必然转衰。待得汉宣帝乾纲独断,就将23岁的霍皇后打入冷宫,把霍家族灭。他不仅狠狠地为发妻报了仇,还誓将皇位传给自己和许平君唯一的儿子。刘询后来又找了个姿色平平,但为人忠厚的王姓女子为后。说白了,他是给儿子找了个值得信赖的保姆。
在宣帝心里,皇后从来就只有一人,那就是在他最失意落魄,最孤苦伶仃的岁月里给自己带来温暖的民女许平君!上下五千年,多少帝王为了权势,主动或被动和“情”字绝缘,即便有情,也是居高临下,施恩垂赐。难得汉宣帝有这份恒久而感人的情谊。
这戏,竺派的汉宣帝,颇可一听,王派的许平君,在人物风范上,还是秉承了一些特色的。袁小云老师饰演的霍成君宗张云霞张派,从扮相到表演到唱腔,都称得上是个不可多得的优秀花旦演员。可惜张派现在基本泯然众人,在越剧舞台上已不大听得到了。戏中的霍成君远比历史中的人物要娇俏聪颖得多,最后人物的悲剧性很强烈。
南越当初由竺小招、赵时莺、袁小云三位老师联袂担纲主演,一生双旦,演了不少好戏。除了《汉宫怨》,带有喜剧色彩的《秀才遇仙记》由《聊斋》名篇《张鸿渐》改编而来,也很不错。
《汉宫怨》的编剧是顾锡东老先生,他的剧本,文采和人情并重,富有古典诗词的美感。现在新编戏的越剧唱词,别说古风不存,连“正常”两字,也早已是奢求。
- 来吧,熬夜加鸡腿 -